Preconceived ideas whereby males and females are arbitrarily assigned characteristics and roles determined and limited by their gender. These stereotypes can influence various aspects of life, including career choices, behavior, and social interactions, often perpetuating discrimination and bias. Gender stereotypes affect individuals of all ages and can limit their potential and contribute to inequality.

High-throughput technology used to study protein interactions, activities, and functions on a large scale. Protein chips enable researchers to track the interactions and activities of proteins, which is crucial for understanding various biological processes and disease mechanisms. This technology is primarily utilized by researchers and scientists in the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry, and medical research.

A late-stage, specialty cardiovascular biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing, and commercializing first-in-class muscle activators and next-in-class muscle inhibitors. These treatments are aimed at addressing debilitating diseases where cardiac muscle performance is compromised, setting the company apart with its innovative approach to muscle biology. The primary beneficiaries of Cytokinetics' work are patients suffering from severe cardiovascular and neuromuscular diseases.

Light therapy technique that uses non-ionizing light sources such as lasers, LEDs, and broadband light in the visible and near-infrared spectrum. It aims to stimulate, heal, regenerate, and protect tissue by increasing cellular activity and function through the absorption of light by cellular photoreceptors. This therapy is beneficial for individuals with injuries, degenerative conditions, or those at risk of tissue damage, and is applied in fields like dermatology, dentistry, neurology, and orthopedics.

Living Building Material (LBM) refers to materials used in construction or industrial design that exhibit properties similar to living organisms. These materials are entirely natural and sustainable, with examples like mycelium-based composites that act as insulators, are fireproof, nontoxic, water-resistant, and rapidly growing. LBMs are highly beneficial for sustainable building practices and innovative architectural designs, appealing to architects, builders, and environmental advocates focused on eco-friendly construction solutions.

Quantum encryption is a method of securing data using the principles of quantum mechanics, particularly through Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). This technology provides high security by leveraging the laws of physics, making it resistant to potential threats from quantum computers. It is primarily beneficial for organizations and industries that require enhanced data protection and secure communication channels.

Robusta coffee, scientifically known as Coffea canephora, is one of the two main species of coffee cultivated for consumption. It is known for its stronger, harsher taste and higher caffeine content compared to Arabica coffee, and is often used in espresso blends and instant coffee. Robusta coffee primarily appeals to consumers who prefer a stronger, more bitter coffee flavor and is also favored by producers for its hardiness and higher yield.

Quantum computing is a type of computation that leverages quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data. It allows for the processing of vast amounts of information simultaneously, offering significant speed advantages for certain types of problems compared to classical computing. Quantum computing is particularly beneficial for fields requiring complex simulations, cryptography, and optimization problems.

The gut biome, or gut microbiome, is a complex community of microorganisms residing in the digestive tract. It plays a crucial role in digestion, immune function, and mental health, with recent research highlighting the importance of microbiome diversity and the impact of diet. The gut biome is particularly significant for individuals interested in digestive health, immune support, and the potential for personalized medicine based on microbiome analysis.

The Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) is a layer of the retina in the eye. It is crucial for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain, and its thickness is often measured using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to assess and diagnose conditions such as glaucoma. This measurement is particularly important for ophthalmologists and optometrists in monitoring and managing eye health, especially in patients at risk for or diagnosed with glaucoma.

An attitude or stance characterized by opposition to or disapproval of sex or sexuality. This can be expressed through personal beliefs, social movements, or ideologies that discourage or reject sexual activity and sexual attraction. The anti-sexual perspective is often adopted by individuals or groups who advocate for celibacy, asexuality, or moral objections to sexual behavior.

The Virginia opossum is the only marsupial found north of Mexico, extending its range into Central America. It has a robust body, short legs with sharp claws, and a long, hairless, prehensile tail, and is known for its omnivorous diet. This species primarily benefits ecosystems by controlling insect and rodent populations and is of interest to wildlife enthusiasts and researchers.

The balance of microorganisms in the digestive tract, known as gut health, is essential for overall well-being. A healthy gut microbiome aids in digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune system maintenance, and can be supported by a diet rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and fermented foods. Individuals seeking to improve their physical and mental health, as well as those experiencing digestive issues, benefit from maintaining good gut health.

Short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds, typically containing 2 to 50 amino acids. Peptides play crucial roles in biological functions, including acting as hormones, enzymes, and signaling molecules, and are used in various medical and cosmetic applications. They are particularly valuable for researchers, medical professionals, and the cosmetic industry for their diverse functional properties.

Refers to an intermediate state, phase, or condition that is in-between or transitional. It is often used to describe uncertain transitions, such as liminal spaces, which are the in-between phases where one is on the verge of something new but not quite there yet. The term originates from the Latin word 'limen,' meaning threshold.

The concept refers to the balance between the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced and the amount removed from the atmosphere. Achieving this balance means that any emissions are offset by absorbing an equivalent amount through natural processes like reforestation or technological solutions like carbon capture and storage, which is crucial in the fight against climate change. This concept is particularly relevant for countries, companies, and organizations committed to reducing their carbon footprint and limiting global warming.

A device that uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen through a process called electrolysis. This technology is crucial for producing green hydrogen, which can be used as a clean fuel or in various industrial processes, and includes different types such as alkaline, proton exchange membrane (PEM), and solid oxide electrolyzers, each with unique advantages and applications. The primary beneficiaries of electrolyzers are industries and sectors focused on sustainable energy solutions and reducing carbon emissions.

A company that specializes in the development of advanced robotic technologies, particularly focusing on quadruped robots. These robots are designed to navigate complex environments and perform tasks that require mobility and adaptability, often used in industries such as logistics, inspection, and public safety. The target demographic includes industries that require robots capable of operating in challenging conditions, where they can replace or assist humans and wheeled robots.

Study and systematic classification of types based on their common characteristics. Typology is utilized in fields such as psychology, theology, and linguistics to identify, count, and categorize facts using sensory perception and logic, providing a structured approach to understanding complex phenomena. This method benefits researchers and professionals who require a systematic way to analyze and interpret data within their respective disciplines.

Biopharmaceutical company based in Ghent, Belgium, focused on the discovery and development of innovative therapeutics based on the human microbiome. MRM Health differentiates itself through its strategic partnership with the VIB (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology) and its proprietary technology platform that optimizes live microbial therapeutics by combining rationally selected strains into synergistic consortia. The company's primary target demographic includes patients with diseases that can be addressed through microbiome-based therapies and the scientific community involved in microbiome research.

A specialized hardware component designed to accelerate AI and machine learning tasks by efficiently handling neural network computations. It enhances AI performance in devices like smartphones and tablets by optimizing the processing of complex algorithms and data. The primary beneficiaries of this technology are users of smart devices who require fast and efficient AI capabilities for applications such as image recognition, voice processing, and other AI-driven functionalities.

An enzyme produced by white blood cells, commonly used as a marker in urinalysis to detect the presence of white blood cells in the urine. This enzyme's presence can indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI) or other inflammatory conditions in the urinary tract, and it is detected using a dipstick test that changes color in the enzyme's presence. The test is particularly useful for healthcare providers diagnosing and managing urinary tract infections and related conditions.

Non-profit organization that provides unique digital identifiers to researchers to help distinguish them from one another and ensure proper attribution of their work. The ORCID iD is a 16-digit alphanumeric code that can be linked to a researcher's professional activities and outputs, facilitating accurate and efficient management of research information. ORCID primarily benefits researchers, academic institutions, and funding organizations by enhancing the transparency and traceability of scholarly contributions.

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is a type of artificial intelligence that aims to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a wide range of tasks at a level comparable to human intelligence. Unlike narrow AI, which is designed for specific tasks, AGI seeks to perform any intellectual task that a human can do, characterized by generalization, autonomy, learning, and reasoning. AGI is primarily of interest to researchers and technologists in the field of artificial intelligence, as it remains a theoretical concept with ongoing exploration and development.

Medical treatment that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve, primarily used to treat epilepsy and treatment-resistant depression. Vagus nerve stimulation typically involves the surgical implantation of a device that sends regular, mild pulses of electrical energy to the brain via the vagus nerve, influencing neurotransmitter levels and brain activity. This treatment is particularly beneficial for individuals with epilepsy or depression who have not responded to conventional therapies.

An organoid is a three-dimensional, miniature, and simplified version of an organ produced in vitro from stem cells. These structures mimic key aspects of the architecture and functionality of real organs, allowing researchers to study disease mechanisms, drug responses, and organ development in a controlled environment. Organoids are primarily utilized by biomedical researchers and pharmaceutical companies to advance personalized medicine and improve drug discovery processes.

A type of lipoprotein that contains the highest amount of triglycerides among the three main types of lipoproteins. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is considered a type of 'bad cholesterol' because it contributes to the buildup of cholesterol on the walls of arteries, potentially leading to cardiovascular diseases. This lipoprotein is particularly relevant for individuals undergoing cholesterol management or those at risk of heart disease.

Phantasma is a blockchain platform designed for digital goods and services, including gaming, NFTs, and decentralized applications. It differentiates itself by offering high transaction speeds, low fees, and a dual-token system (SOUL and KCAL) to facilitate various functionalities within its ecosystem. Phantasma primarily targets developers, gamers, and digital content creators looking for a versatile and efficient blockchain solution.

Engineered receptors that graft an arbitrary specificity onto an immune effector cell, typically a T cell. These synthetic receptors are used in immunotherapy, particularly for cancer treatment, by recognizing specific proteins (antigens) on the surface of cancer cells, allowing the immune system to target and destroy these cells more effectively. Chimeric antigen receptors are primarily beneficial for patients undergoing treatment for certain types of blood cancers, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

MDPI is a publisher of open-access scientific journals, founded in 1996 in Basel, Switzerland. It publishes over 390 peer-reviewed, open access journals and is one of the largest publishers in the world in terms of journal article output, dedicated to fostering open scientific exchange across all disciplines. MDPI primarily serves researchers, academics, and institutions seeking accessible and widely disseminated scientific knowledge.