Neuromorphic computing is a field of computer engineering that designs systems inspired by the human brain's structure and function, using specialized hardware to emulate neural processing for efficient computing. This approach aims to improve computational efficiency and energy consumption by mimicking the brain's neural networks, offering potential advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Neuromorphic computing is particularly beneficial for researchers and developers in AI and neuroscience, seeking to create more efficient and brain-like computing systems.

Planar structures that function as two-dimensional versions of metamaterials. They can locally modify the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light in both transmission and reflection, enabling the creation of patterned flat optical components with precise functionalities. Metasurfaces are primarily used in advanced optical applications, benefiting researchers and engineers in fields such as photonics and telecommunications.

Short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, smaller than proteins. Peptides function as hormones, neurotransmitters, and are involved in the immune response, playing crucial roles in various biological processes. They are valuable in medical and research applications for their diverse functionalities.

Blautia is a genus of anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria found in the human gut microbiota. This genus plays a significant role in maintaining gut health by producing short-chain fatty acids, which are essential for colon health and energy metabolism. Blautia is of particular interest to microbiologists and healthcare professionals studying the human microbiome and its impact on health and disease.

Proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) is a tool used in biological research to identify candidate proteins within a specific protein's interactome. It is a powerful method for studying mammalian proteomes, including insoluble and membrane-associated proteins, and can efficiently screen for interacting and neighboring proteins in plant cells. BioID is particularly valuable for researchers in molecular biology and biochemistry who are investigating protein interactions and cellular processes.

Startups and companies founded on scientific discoveries or engineering innovations. These technologies often require significant research and development and have the potential to create substantial societal impact, encompassing fields such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, quantum computing, and advanced materials. Deep tech primarily targets industries and sectors looking to solve complex problems and create new markets through groundbreaking advancements.

The gut-brain axis is a complex communication network that links the central nervous system with the enteric nervous system. It involves neural, hormonal, and immunological signaling mechanisms, with key components including the vagus nerve, gut hormones, gut microbiota, and the immune system. This axis is significant for its role in mood regulation, stress response, and gastrointestinal disorders, and is of particular interest to researchers and healthcare professionals studying its implications in various physiological processes and conditions.

Energy storage devices that store thermal energy for later use. They consist of a stack of cells, each made from a cathode, an electrolyte separator, an anode, and a pyrotechnic thermal energy source, allowing them to store surplus thermal energy for varying durations, from hours to months. These batteries are beneficial for applications ranging from individual processes to large-scale district or regional systems, targeting industries and sectors that require efficient thermal energy management.

A naturally occurring compound, Citicoline is essential for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes. It is often used as a dietary supplement to support cognitive function, enhance memory, and aid in stroke recovery due to its neuroprotective properties. Citicoline is primarily targeted at individuals seeking to improve brain health and cognitive performance, including those with cognitive impairments or neurodegenerative diseases.

Non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. It is primarily used to treat depression, especially in cases where other treatments have not been effective, by modulating neuronal activity in targeted areas of the brain. This treatment is particularly beneficial for individuals suffering from treatment-resistant depression.

Three-dimensional, miniaturized, and simplified versions of organs produced in vitro that mimic some of the organ's structure and function. Derived from stem cells, organoids are used for various purposes, including disease modeling, drug testing, and studying organ development, offering a more accurate representation of human biology compared to traditional cell cultures. Organoids are particularly valuable to researchers and pharmaceutical companies aiming to understand diseases and develop new treatments.

A framework that describes limits to the impacts of human activities on the Earth system, defining a safe operating space for humanity. These boundaries are critical for maintaining the stability and resilience of the Earth system, and exceeding them could lead to significant and irreversible environmental changes. The concept includes nine specific boundaries, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and ocean acidification, which are essential for environmental sustainability.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds in molecules, playing a significant role in various biological processes. Esterases are involved in the metabolism of drugs, the breakdown of dietary fats, and other physiological functions, with different types such as carboxylesterases, cholinesterases, and lipases each having specific roles. These enzymes are essential for organisms including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms, and have applications in biotechnology, medicine, and industry.

The decline or disappearance of biological diversity, encompassing the variety of life forms on Earth, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems they form. Biodiversity loss can occur due to factors like habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, overexploitation of resources, and invasive species, leading to ecosystem instability and reduced resilience. This issue primarily affects ecosystems, human well-being, and the overall health of the planet, impacting food security, water quality, and natural disaster resilience.

Biennial plant known for its tall, erect stem and large, velvety leaves, traditionally used to treat respiratory issues, inflammation, and infections. Common preparations include teas, tinctures, and oils, offering various therapeutic benefits. It is primarily used by individuals seeking natural remedies for respiratory and inflammatory conditions.

NAC supplements are dietary products that provide N-Acetyl Cysteine, a compound known for its antioxidant properties and its role in supporting liver and respiratory health. These supplements help replenish glutathione levels, which is crucial for detoxification processes and protecting cells from oxidative stress, and are also used in medical settings for treating acetaminophen overdose and certain respiratory conditions. NAC supplements are primarily targeted at individuals seeking to enhance their antioxidant intake and support overall liver and respiratory function.

Neurimmune is a biopharmaceutical company focused on translating human immune memory into antibody therapeutics for neurodegenerative and protein aggregation diseases. Its pipeline includes drug candidates for conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), fronto-temporal dementia, cardiomyopathy, and type 2 diabetes. The company utilizes its proprietary Reverse Translational Medicine™ technology to develop antibodies with high affinity, target selectivity, and low immunogenicity, primarily targeting central nervous system diseases and related protein aggregation disorders

These are advanced solar cells that integrate perovskite materials with other types of solar cells, often silicon, to enhance efficiency by capturing a wider range of sunlight. The combination of materials allows for potentially higher efficiency and reduced production costs compared to traditional solar cells. Perovskite tandem solar cells are particularly appealing to researchers and manufacturers in the renewable energy sector seeking to improve solar energy conversion efficiency and reduce costs.

Misconceptions or myths about brain function and learning that persist despite being debunked by scientific research. These myths often capture the wider imagination and take root in popular belief, leading to widespread misinformation about how the brain works. Neuromyths primarily affect educators, students, and the general public who seek to understand and apply neuroscience in educational and everyday contexts.

The term refers to the current era of quantum computing characterized by quantum processors with a moderate number of qubits that are subject to noise and errors. These devices are not yet capable of fault-tolerant quantum computation but are useful for exploring quantum algorithms and simulations, providing valuable insights into the potential of quantum technology. NISQ devices are primarily of interest to researchers and developers in the field of quantum computing who are working on advancing quantum algorithms and understanding the limitations and capabilities of current quantum hardware.

These are advanced medical treatments that involve the modification or manipulation of genes and cells to treat or prevent diseases. They offer potential cures for genetic disorders, certain types of cancer, and other serious conditions by targeting the underlying genetic causes. The primary beneficiaries of cell and gene therapy are patients with genetic disorders, cancer, and other diseases that are difficult to treat with traditional methods.

Technique that involves proper tongue posture to potentially improve facial structure and alignment. Popularized by Dr. John Mew, an orthodontist, it involves placing the tongue against the roof of the mouth, keeping the teeth together, and breathing through the nose, with claims of better jaw alignment and improved facial aesthetics. This technique is primarily targeted at individuals seeking non-surgical methods to enhance their facial structure and address certain dental issues.

Chemical substances produced and released into the environment by animals, including humans, that affect the behavior or physiology of others of the same species. Pheromones play a crucial role in communication, particularly in mating behaviors, territory marking, and social interactions, and are detected through specialized sensory organs like the vomeronasal organ. They are essential for species-specific interactions and are particularly significant in reproductive and social behaviors.

Cold exposure refers to the practice of subjecting the body to cold temperatures through methods such as cold showers, ice baths, or spending time in cold environments. This practice is believed to offer various health benefits, including improved circulation, enhanced immune function, and reduced inflammation, while also posing risks like hypothermia and frostbite. Cold exposure is often utilized by athletes for muscle recovery and by individuals seeking to boost mental resilience and overall well-being.

Oncology-focused precision medicine company committed to the discovery and development of targeted therapeutics for patient populations selected using molecular diagnostics. As a clinical-stage company, it differentiates itself by leveraging molecular diagnostics to identify and treat specific cancer types, aiming to improve patient outcomes through personalized medicine. Ideaya Biosciences primarily serves oncologists and patients seeking advanced, targeted cancer therapies.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a technique used to analyze the gene expression profiles of individual cells. This method allows researchers to understand cellular heterogeneity, identify rare cell types, and study cellular responses to various conditions at a single-cell resolution. It is particularly valuable for researchers in fields such as developmental biology, cancer research, immunology, and neuroscience.

A type of alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugar cane, commonly used in skincare products. It exfoliates the skin, improves texture, and reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells. Glycolic acid is particularly beneficial for individuals seeking to enhance skin smoothness and address signs of aging.

Technology platform that automates the complex and inefficient estate planning process. It streamlines execution complexity and manual workflows, reducing risk and expanding opportunities for use, differentiating itself by offering a more efficient and less error-prone solution compared to traditional methods. Luminary primarily targets legal professionals, financial advisors, and individuals seeking a more streamlined and reliable estate planning process.

Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) refers to DNA fragments released into the bloodstream from normal and diseased cells, including cancer cells. These fragments are found in biofluids and provide real-time information that can be used to detect and monitor biomarkers of various diseases, including cancer. cfDNA is particularly valuable for non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and liquid biopsies for cancer detection and monitoring, benefiting individuals seeking less invasive diagnostic methods.

Cannabigerol (CBG) is a cannabinoid found in cannabis plants, often referred to as the 'mother' or 'stem cell' of cannabinoids due to its role as a precursor to other cannabinoids. It is non-psychoactive and is being studied for its potential therapeutic benefits, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. CBG is typically found in lower concentrations in most cannabis strains, making it more expensive to produce, and is primarily targeted at individuals seeking alternative treatments for various medical conditions.